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<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="https://stage.guildsomm.com/cfs-file/__key/system/syndication/rss.xsl" media="screen"?><rss version="2.0" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"><channel><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe</link><description /><dc:language>en-US</dc:language><generator>Telligent Community 13 Non-Production</generator><item><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe</link><pubDate>Mon, 13 Jan 2025 14:33:14 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:be262527-6dee-4f4a-815a-8be20e64bdb7</guid><dc:creator>user22387</dc:creator><comments>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe#comments</comments><description>Current Revision posted to Study-Guide by user22387 on 1/13/2025 2:33:14 PM&lt;br /&gt;
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Contents
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hungary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Romania&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slovenia and Croatia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Czech Republic and Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Former Soviet Republics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review Quizzes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="01"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Greece
&lt;p class="callout"&gt;In its infancy, wine was produced in regions where the vine grew wild. From its origins in the Near East, cultivation of the grapevine spread to the Old Kingdom of Egypt, and, around 2500 BCE, the vine was brought, via trade, to&amp;nbsp;the Minoan Bronze Age civilization of Crete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="aside-right-40"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/TC/cfs-file.ashx/__key/CommunityServer-Wikis-Components-Files/00-00-00-00-47/3005.studyguide_5F00_10_5F00_greece_5F00_01_5F00_map.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Despite Crete&amp;rsquo;s latitude, the island&lt;span&gt;&amp;rsquo;&lt;/span&gt;s moderate climate proved suitable for the vine, and in viticulture the Minoans surpassed all their contemporaries. (They also developed indoor plumbing&amp;mdash;clearly a civilization ahead of the times.) The&amp;nbsp;practice&amp;nbsp;was passed to their successors, the Mycenaeans, to other islands in the Aegean, and to the mainland of Greece. The Greeks spread cultivation of the vine throughout much of Europe. The first vineyards in France were in Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles, and Southern Italy&amp;rsquo;s modern varieties Greco and Aglianico may be Greek in origin. The Greeks took viticulture northward as well, to the banks of the Danube and the coastline of the Black Sea. Ultimately, the Greeks were responsible for not only spreading the vine geographically but also democratizing&amp;nbsp;the consumption of wine. In ancient Egypt, wine was regarded as the sweat of the sun god Ra; the Greeks drank wine&amp;nbsp;at religious and&amp;nbsp;ceremonial&amp;nbsp;events, but they also drank socially. As wine consumption in Greece&amp;nbsp;spread to new social classes, additional vineyards were needed. The Romans carried the Greeks&amp;rsquo; vines even farther, but the&amp;nbsp;tradition of many modern-day European wine regions extends back to ancient Greece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;While preeminent in the ancient world, Greek wines languished until a late 20th-century surge in interest and quality.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Greece&amp;rsquo;s vinous reputation had long been rooted in r&lt;/span&gt;etsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin. Wine was transported through ancient Greece in amphorae, often sealed&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt; 
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</description></item><item><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe/revision/121</link><pubDate>Tue, 18 Jun 2024 15:09:19 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:be262527-6dee-4f4a-815a-8be20e64bdb7</guid><dc:creator>GuildSomm Admin</dc:creator><comments>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe#comments</comments><description>Revision 121 posted to Study-Guide by GuildSomm Admin on 6/18/2024 3:09:19 PM&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class="style_box"&gt;
Contents
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hungary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Romania&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slovenia and Croatia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Czech Republic and Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Former Soviet Republics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review Quizzes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="01"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Greece
&lt;p class="callout"&gt;In its infancy, wine was produced in regions where the vine grew wild. From its origins in the Near East, cultivation of the grapevine spread to the Old Kingdom of Egypt, and, around 2500 BCE, the vine was brought, via trade, to&amp;nbsp;the Minoan Bronze Age civilization of Crete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="aside-right-40"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/TC/cfs-file.ashx/__key/CommunityServer-Wikis-Components-Files/00-00-00-00-47/3005.studyguide_5F00_10_5F00_greece_5F00_01_5F00_map.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Despite Crete&amp;rsquo;s latitude, the island&lt;span&gt;&amp;rsquo;&lt;/span&gt;s moderate climate proved suitable for the vine, and in viticulture the Minoans surpassed all their contemporaries. (They also developed indoor plumbing&amp;mdash;clearly a civilization ahead of the times.) The&amp;nbsp;practice&amp;nbsp;was passed to their successors, the Mycenaeans, to other islands in the Aegean, and to the mainland of Greece. The Greeks spread cultivation of the vine throughout much of Europe. The first vineyards in France were in Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles, and Southern Italy&amp;rsquo;s modern varieties Greco and Aglianico may be Greek in origin. The Greeks took viticulture northward as well, to the banks of the Danube and the coastline of the Black Sea. Ultimately, the Greeks were responsible for not only spreading the vine geographically but also democratizing&amp;nbsp;the consumption of wine. In ancient Egypt, wine was regarded as the sweat of the sun god Ra; the Greeks drank wine&amp;nbsp;at religious and&amp;nbsp;ceremonial&amp;nbsp;events, but they also drank socially. As wine consumption in Greece&amp;nbsp;spread to new social classes, additional vineyards were needed. The Romans carried the Greeks&amp;rsquo; vines even farther, but the&amp;nbsp;tradition of many modern-day European wine regions extends back to ancient Greece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;While preeminent in the ancient world, Greek wines languished until a late 20th-century surge in interest and quality.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Greece&amp;rsquo;s vinous reputation had long been rooted in r&lt;/span&gt;etsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin, and, for many, the wine is still the only reference point for the country&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt; 
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</description></item><item><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe/revision/120</link><pubDate>Wed, 06 Mar 2024 02:53:22 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:be262527-6dee-4f4a-815a-8be20e64bdb7</guid><dc:creator>user28307</dc:creator><comments>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe#comments</comments><description>Revision 120 posted to Study-Guide by user28307 on 3/6/2024 2:53:22 AM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="paywall-restricted"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="top"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class="style_box"&gt;
Contents
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hungary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Romania&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slovenia and Croatia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Czech Republic and Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Former Soviet Republics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review Quizzes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="01"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Greece
&lt;p class="callout"&gt;In its infancy, wine was produced in regions where the vine grew wild. From its origins in the Near East, cultivation of the grapevine spread to the Old Kingdom of Egypt, and, around 2500 BCE, the vine was brought, via trade, to&amp;nbsp;the Minoan Bronze Age civilization of Crete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="aside-right-40"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/TC/cfs-file.ashx/__key/CommunityServer-Wikis-Components-Files/00-00-00-00-47/3005.studyguide_5F00_10_5F00_greece_5F00_01_5F00_map.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Despite Crete&amp;rsquo;s latitude, the island&lt;span&gt;&amp;rsquo;&lt;/span&gt;s moderate climate proved suitable for the vine, and in viticulture the Minoans surpassed all their contemporaries. (They also developed indoor plumbing&amp;mdash;clearly a civilization ahead of the times.) The&amp;nbsp;practice&amp;nbsp;was passed to their successors, the Mycenaeans, to other islands in the Aegean, and to the mainland of Greece. The Greeks spread cultivation of the vine throughout much of Europe. The first vineyards in France were in Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles, and Southern Italy&amp;rsquo;s modern varieties Greco and Aglianico may be Greek in origin. The Greeks took viticulture northward as well, to the banks of the Danube and the coastline of the Black Sea. Ultimately, the Greeks were responsible for not only spreading the vine geographically but also democratizing&amp;nbsp;the consumption of wine. In ancient Egypt, wine was regarded as the sweat of the sun god Ra; the Greeks drank wine&amp;nbsp;at religious and&amp;nbsp;ceremonial&amp;nbsp;events, but they also drank socially. As wine consumption in Greece&amp;nbsp;spread to new social classes, additional vineyards were needed. The Romans carried the Greeks&amp;rsquo; vines even farther, but the&amp;nbsp;tradition of many modern-day European wine regions extends back to ancient Greece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;While preeminent in the ancient world, Greek wines languished until a late 20th-century surge in interest and quality.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Greece&amp;rsquo;s vinous reputation had long been rooted in r&lt;/span&gt;etsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin, and, for many, the wine is still the only reference point for the country&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt; 
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</description></item><item><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe/revision/119</link><pubDate>Mon, 08 Jan 2024 23:40:02 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:be262527-6dee-4f4a-815a-8be20e64bdb7</guid><dc:creator>user22387</dc:creator><comments>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe#comments</comments><description>Revision 119 posted to Study-Guide by user22387 on 1/8/2024 11:40:02 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="paywall-restricted"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="top"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class="style_box"&gt;
Contents
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hungary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Romania&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slovenia and Croatia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Czech Republic and Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Former Soviet Republics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review Quizzes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="01"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Greece
&lt;p class="callout"&gt;In its infancy, wine was produced in regions where the vine grew wild. From its origins in the Near East, cultivation of the grapevine spread to the Old Kingdom of Egypt, and, around 2500 BCE, the vine was brought, via trade, to&amp;nbsp;the Minoan Bronze Age civilization of Crete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="aside-right-40"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/TC/cfs-file.ashx/__key/CommunityServer-Wikis-Components-Files/00-00-00-00-47/3005.studyguide_5F00_10_5F00_greece_5F00_01_5F00_map.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Despite Crete&amp;rsquo;s latitude, the island&lt;span&gt;&amp;rsquo;&lt;/span&gt;s moderate climate proved suitable for the vine, and in viticulture the Minoans surpassed all their contemporaries. (They also developed indoor plumbing&amp;mdash;clearly a civilization ahead of the times.) The&amp;nbsp;practice&amp;nbsp;was passed to their successors, the Mycenaeans, to other islands in the Aegean, and to the mainland of Greece. The Greeks spread cultivation of the vine throughout much of Europe. The first vineyards in France were in Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles, and Southern Italy&amp;rsquo;s modern varieties Greco and Aglianico may be Greek in origin. The Greeks took viticulture northward as well, to the banks of the Danube and the coastline of the Black Sea. Ultimately, the Greeks were responsible for not only spreading the vine geographically but also democratizing&amp;nbsp;the consumption of wine. In ancient Egypt, wine was regarded as the sweat of the sun god Ra; the Greeks drank wine&amp;nbsp;at religious and&amp;nbsp;ceremonial&amp;nbsp;events, but they also drank socially. As wine consumption in Greece&amp;nbsp;spread to new social classes, additional vineyards were needed. The Romans carried the Greeks&amp;rsquo; vines even farther, but the&amp;nbsp;tradition of many modern-day European wine regions extends back to ancient Greece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;While preeminent in the ancient world, Greek wines languished until a late 20th-century surge in interest and quality.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Greece&amp;rsquo;s vinous reputation had long been rooted in r&lt;/span&gt;etsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin, and, for many, the wine is still the only reference point for the country&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt; 
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</description></item><item><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe/revision/118</link><pubDate>Sat, 03 Dec 2022 03:58:55 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:be262527-6dee-4f4a-815a-8be20e64bdb7</guid><dc:creator>user22387</dc:creator><comments>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe#comments</comments><description>Revision 118 posted to Study-Guide by user22387 on 12/3/2022 3:58:55 AM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="paywall-restricted"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="top"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class="style_box"&gt;
Contents
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hungary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Romania&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slovenia and Croatia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Czech Republic and Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Former Soviet Republics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review Quizzes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="01"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Greece
&lt;p class="callout"&gt;In its infancy, wine was produced in regions where the vine grew wild. From its origins in the Near East, cultivation of the grapevine spread to the Old Kingdom of Egypt, and, around 2500 BCE, the vine was brought, via trade, to&amp;nbsp;the Minoan Bronze Age civilization of Crete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="aside-right-40"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/TC/cfs-file.ashx/__key/CommunityServer-Wikis-Components-Files/00-00-00-00-47/3005.studyguide_5F00_10_5F00_greece_5F00_01_5F00_map.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Despite Crete&amp;rsquo;s latitude, the island&lt;span&gt;&amp;rsquo;&lt;/span&gt;s moderate climate proved suitable for the vine, and in viticulture the Minoans surpassed all their contemporaries. (They also developed indoor plumbing&amp;mdash;clearly a civilization ahead of the times.) The&amp;nbsp;practice&amp;nbsp;was passed to their successors, the Mycenaeans, to other islands in the Aegean, and to the mainland of Greece. The Greeks spread cultivation of the vine throughout much of Europe. The first vineyards in France were in Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles, and Southern Italy&amp;rsquo;s modern varieties Greco and Aglianico may be Greek in origin. The Greeks took viticulture northward as well, to the banks of the Danube and the coastline of the Black Sea. Ultimately, the Greeks were responsible for not only spreading the vine geographically but also democratizing&amp;nbsp;the consumption of wine. In ancient Egypt, wine was regarded as the sweat of the sun god Ra; the Greeks drank wine&amp;nbsp;at religious and&amp;nbsp;ceremonial&amp;nbsp;events, but they also drank socially. As wine consumption in Greece&amp;nbsp;spread to new social classes, additional vineyards were needed. The Romans carried the Greeks&amp;rsquo; vines even farther, but the&amp;nbsp;tradition of many modern-day European wine regions extends back to ancient Greece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;While preeminent in the ancient world, Greek wines languished until a late 20th-century surge in interest and quality.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Greece&amp;rsquo;s vinous reputation had long been rooted in r&lt;/span&gt;etsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin, and, for many, the wine is still the only reference point for the country&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt; 
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</description></item><item><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe/revision/117</link><pubDate>Tue, 09 Aug 2022 01:23:05 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:be262527-6dee-4f4a-815a-8be20e64bdb7</guid><dc:creator>user28307</dc:creator><comments>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe#comments</comments><description>Revision 117 posted to Study-Guide by user28307 on 8/9/2022 1:23:05 AM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="paywall-restricted"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="top"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class="style_box"&gt;
Contents
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hungary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Romania&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slovenia and Croatia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Czech Republic and Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Former Soviet Republics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review Quizzes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="01"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Greece
&lt;p class="callout"&gt;In its infancy, wine was produced in regions where the vine grew wild. From its origins in the Near East, cultivation of the grapevine spread to the Old Kingdom of Egypt, and, around 2500 BCE, the vine was brought, via trade, to&amp;nbsp;the Minoan Bronze Age civilization of Crete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="aside-right-40"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/TC/cfs-file.ashx/__key/CommunityServer-Wikis-Components-Files/00-00-00-00-47/3005.studyguide_5F00_10_5F00_greece_5F00_01_5F00_map.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Despite Crete&amp;rsquo;s latitude, the island&lt;span&gt;&amp;rsquo;&lt;/span&gt;s moderate climate proved suitable for the vine, and in viticulture the Minoans surpassed all their contemporaries. (They also developed indoor plumbing&amp;mdash;clearly a civilization ahead of the times.) The&amp;nbsp;practice&amp;nbsp;was passed to their successors, the Mycenaeans, to other islands in the Aegean, and to the mainland of Greece. The Greeks spread cultivation of the vine throughout much of Europe. The first vineyards in France were in Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles, and Southern Italy&amp;rsquo;s modern varieties Greco and Aglianico may be Greek in origin. The Greeks took viticulture northward as well, to the banks of the Danube and the coastline of the Black Sea. Ultimately, the Greeks were responsible for not only spreading the vine geographically but also democratizing&amp;nbsp;the consumption of wine. In ancient Egypt, wine was regarded as the sweat of the sun god Ra; the Greeks drank wine&amp;nbsp;at religious and&amp;nbsp;ceremonial&amp;nbsp;events, but they also drank socially. As wine consumption in Greece&amp;nbsp;spread to new social classes, additional vineyards were needed. The Romans carried the Greeks&amp;rsquo; vines even farther, but the&amp;nbsp;tradition of many modern-day European wine regions extends back to ancient Greece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;While preeminent in the ancient world, Greek wines languished until a late 20th-century surge in interest and quality.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Greece&amp;rsquo;s vinous reputation had long been rooted in r&lt;/span&gt;etsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin, and, for many, the wine is still the only reference point for the country&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt; 
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</description></item><item><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe/revision/116</link><pubDate>Mon, 08 Aug 2022 15:15:57 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:be262527-6dee-4f4a-815a-8be20e64bdb7</guid><dc:creator>user28307</dc:creator><comments>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe#comments</comments><description>Revision 116 posted to Study-Guide by user28307 on 8/8/2022 3:15:57 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="paywall-restricted"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="top"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class="style_box"&gt;
Contents
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hungary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Romania&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slovenia and Croatia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Czech Republic and Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Former Soviet Republics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review Quizzes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="01"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Greece
&lt;p class="callout"&gt;In its infancy, wine was produced in regions where the vine grew wild. From its origins in the Near East, cultivation of the grapevine spread to the Old Kingdom of Egypt, and, around 2500 BCE, the vine was brought, via trade, to&amp;nbsp;the Minoan Bronze Age civilization of Crete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="aside-right-40"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/TC/cfs-file.ashx/__key/CommunityServer-Wikis-Components-Files/00-00-00-00-47/3005.studyguide_5F00_10_5F00_greece_5F00_01_5F00_map.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Despite Crete&amp;rsquo;s latitude, the island&lt;span&gt;&amp;rsquo;&lt;/span&gt;s moderate climate proved suitable for the vine, and in viticulture the Minoans surpassed all their contemporaries. (They also developed indoor plumbing&amp;mdash;clearly a civilization ahead of the times.) The&amp;nbsp;practice&amp;nbsp;was passed to their successors, the Mycenaeans, to other islands in the Aegean, and to the mainland of Greece. The Greeks spread cultivation of the vine throughout much of Europe. The first vineyards in France were in Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles, and Southern Italy&amp;rsquo;s modern varieties Greco and Aglianico may be Greek in origin. The Greeks took viticulture northward as well, to the banks of the Danube and the coastline of the Black Sea. Ultimately, the Greeks were responsible for not only spreading the vine geographically but also democratizing&amp;nbsp;the consumption of wine. In ancient Egypt, wine was regarded as the sweat of the sun god Ra; the Greeks drank wine&amp;nbsp;at religious and&amp;nbsp;ceremonial&amp;nbsp;events, but they also drank socially. As wine consumption in Greece&amp;nbsp;spread to new social classes, additional vineyards were needed. The Romans carried the Greeks&amp;rsquo; vines even farther, but the&amp;nbsp;tradition of many modern-day European wine regions extends back to ancient Greece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;While preeminent in the ancient world, Greek wines languished until a late 20th-century surge in interest and quality.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Greece&amp;rsquo;s vinous reputation had long been rooted in r&lt;/span&gt;etsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin, and, for many, the wine is still the only reference point for the country&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt; 
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</description></item><item><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe/revision/115</link><pubDate>Sat, 06 Aug 2022 19:21:49 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:be262527-6dee-4f4a-815a-8be20e64bdb7</guid><dc:creator>user28307</dc:creator><comments>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe#comments</comments><description>Revision 115 posted to Study-Guide by user28307 on 8/6/2022 7:21:49 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="paywall-restricted"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="top"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class="style_box"&gt;
Contents
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hungary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Romania&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slovenia and Croatia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Czech Republic and Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Former Soviet Republics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review Quizzes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="01"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Greece
&lt;p class="callout"&gt;In its infancy, wine was produced in regions where the vine grew wild. From its origins in the Near East, cultivation of the grapevine spread to the Old Kingdom of Egypt, and, around 2500 BCE, the vine was brought, via trade, to&amp;nbsp;the Minoan Bronze Age civilization of Crete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="aside-right-40"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/TC/cfs-file.ashx/__key/CommunityServer-Wikis-Components-Files/00-00-00-00-47/3005.studyguide_5F00_10_5F00_greece_5F00_01_5F00_map.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Despite Crete&amp;rsquo;s latitude, the island&lt;span&gt;&amp;rsquo;&lt;/span&gt;s moderate climate proved suitable for the vine, and in viticulture the Minoans surpassed all their contemporaries. (They also developed indoor plumbing&amp;mdash;clearly a civilization ahead of the times.) The&amp;nbsp;practice&amp;nbsp;was passed to their successors, the Mycenaeans, to other islands in the Aegean, and to the mainland of Greece. The Greeks spread cultivation of the vine throughout much of Europe. The first vineyards in France were in Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles, and Southern Italy&amp;rsquo;s modern varieties Greco and Aglianico may be Greek in origin. The Greeks took viticulture northward as well, to the banks of the Danube and the coastline of the Black Sea. Ultimately, the Greeks were responsible for not only spreading the vine geographically but also democratizing&amp;nbsp;the consumption of wine. In ancient Egypt, wine was regarded as the sweat of the sun god Ra; the Greeks drank wine&amp;nbsp;at religious and&amp;nbsp;ceremonial&amp;nbsp;events, but they also drank socially. As wine consumption in Greece&amp;nbsp;spread to new social classes, additional vineyards were needed. The Romans carried the Greeks&amp;rsquo; vines even farther, but the&amp;nbsp;tradition of many modern-day European wine regions extends back to ancient Greece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;While preeminent in the ancient world, Greek wines languished until a late 20th-century surge in interest and quality.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Greece&amp;rsquo;s vinous reputation had long been rooted in r&lt;/span&gt;etsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin, and, for many, the wine is still the only reference point for the country&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt; 
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</description></item><item><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe/revision/114</link><pubDate>Wed, 03 Aug 2022 15:10:36 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:be262527-6dee-4f4a-815a-8be20e64bdb7</guid><dc:creator>user28307</dc:creator><comments>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe#comments</comments><description>Revision 114 posted to Study-Guide by user28307 on 8/3/2022 3:10:36 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="paywall-restricted"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="top"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class="style_box"&gt;
Contents
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hungary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Romania&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slovenia and Croatia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Czech Republic and Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Former Soviet Republics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review Quizzes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="01"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Greece
&lt;p class="callout"&gt;In its infancy, wine was produced in regions where the vine grew wild. From its origins in the Near East, cultivation of the grapevine spread to the Old Kingdom of Egypt, and, around 2500 BCE, the vine was brought, via trade, to&amp;nbsp;the Minoan Bronze Age civilization of Crete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="aside-right-40"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/TC/cfs-file.ashx/__key/CommunityServer-Wikis-Components-Files/00-00-00-00-47/3005.studyguide_5F00_10_5F00_greece_5F00_01_5F00_map.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Despite Crete&amp;rsquo;s latitude, the island&lt;span&gt;&amp;rsquo;&lt;/span&gt;s moderate climate proved suitable for the vine, and in viticulture the Minoans surpassed all their contemporaries. (They also developed indoor plumbing&amp;mdash;clearly a civilization ahead of the times.) The&amp;nbsp;practice&amp;nbsp;was passed to their successors, the Mycenaeans, to other islands in the Aegean, and to the mainland of Greece. The Greeks spread cultivation of the vine throughout much of Europe. The first vineyards in France were in Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles, and Southern Italy&amp;rsquo;s modern varieties Greco and Aglianico may be Greek in origin. The Greeks took viticulture northward as well, to the banks of the Danube and the coastline of the Black Sea. Ultimately, the Greeks were responsible for not only spreading the vine geographically but also democratizing&amp;nbsp;the consumption of wine. In ancient Egypt, wine was regarded as the sweat of the sun god Ra; the Greeks drank wine&amp;nbsp;at religious and&amp;nbsp;ceremonial&amp;nbsp;events, but they also drank socially. As wine consumption in Greece&amp;nbsp;spread to new social classes, additional vineyards were needed. The Romans carried the Greeks&amp;rsquo; vines even farther, but the&amp;nbsp;tradition of many modern-day European wine regions extends back to ancient Greece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;While preeminent in the ancient world, Greek wines languished until a late 20th-century surge in interest and quality.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Greece&amp;rsquo;s vinous reputation had long been rooted in r&lt;/span&gt;etsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin, and, for many, the wine is still the only reference point for the country&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt; 
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</description></item><item><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe/revision/113</link><pubDate>Wed, 03 Aug 2022 04:01:58 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:be262527-6dee-4f4a-815a-8be20e64bdb7</guid><dc:creator>user28307</dc:creator><comments>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe#comments</comments><description>Revision 113 posted to Study-Guide by user28307 on 8/3/2022 4:01:58 AM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="paywall-restricted"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="top"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class="style_box"&gt;
Contents
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hungary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Romania&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slovenia and Croatia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Czech Republic and Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Former Soviet Republics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review Quizzes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="01"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Greece
&lt;p class="callout"&gt;In its infancy, wine was produced in regions where the vine grew wild. From its origins in the Near East, cultivation of the grapevine spread to the Old Kingdom of Egypt, and, around 2500 BCE, the vine was brought, via trade, to&amp;nbsp;the Minoan Bronze Age civilization of Crete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="aside-right-40"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/TC/cfs-file.ashx/__key/CommunityServer-Wikis-Components-Files/00-00-00-00-47/3005.studyguide_5F00_10_5F00_greece_5F00_01_5F00_map.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Despite Crete&amp;rsquo;s latitude, the island&lt;span&gt;&amp;rsquo;&lt;/span&gt;s moderate climate proved suitable for the vine, and in viticulture the Minoans surpassed all their contemporaries. (They also developed indoor plumbing&amp;mdash;clearly a civilization ahead of the times.) The&amp;nbsp;practice&amp;nbsp;was passed to their successors, the Mycenaeans, to other islands in the Aegean, and to the mainland of Greece. The Greeks spread cultivation of the vine throughout much of Europe. The first vineyards in France were in Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles, and Southern Italy&amp;rsquo;s modern varieties Greco and Aglianico may be Greek in origin. The Greeks took viticulture northward as well, to the banks of the Danube and the coastline of the Black Sea. Ultimately, the Greeks were responsible for not only spreading the vine geographically but also democratizing&amp;nbsp;the consumption of wine. In ancient Egypt, wine was regarded as the sweat of the sun god Ra; the Greeks drank wine&amp;nbsp;at religious and&amp;nbsp;ceremonial&amp;nbsp;events, but they also drank socially. As wine consumption in Greece&amp;nbsp;spread to new social classes, additional vineyards were needed. The Romans carried the Greeks&amp;rsquo; vines even farther, but the&amp;nbsp;tradition of many modern-day European wine regions extends back to ancient Greece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;While preeminent in the ancient world, Greek wines languished until a late 20th-century surge in interest and quality.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Greece&amp;rsquo;s vinous reputation had long been rooted in r&lt;/span&gt;etsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin, and, for many, the wine is still the only reference point for the country&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt; 
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</description></item><item><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe/revision/112</link><pubDate>Tue, 02 Aug 2022 03:47:18 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:be262527-6dee-4f4a-815a-8be20e64bdb7</guid><dc:creator>user28307</dc:creator><comments>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe#comments</comments><description>Revision 112 posted to Study-Guide by user28307 on 8/2/2022 3:47:18 AM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="paywall-restricted"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="top"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class="style_box"&gt;
Contents
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hungary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Romania&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slovenia and Croatia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Czech Republic and Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Former Soviet Republics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review Quizzes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="01"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Greece
&lt;p class="callout"&gt;In its infancy, wine was produced in regions where the vine grew wild. From its origins in the Near East, cultivation of the grapevine spread to the Old Kingdom of Egypt, and, around 2500 BCE, the vine was brought, via trade, to&amp;nbsp;the Minoan Bronze Age civilization of Crete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="aside-right-40"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/TC/cfs-file.ashx/__key/CommunityServer-Wikis-Components-Files/00-00-00-00-47/3005.studyguide_5F00_10_5F00_greece_5F00_01_5F00_map.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Despite Crete&amp;rsquo;s latitude, the island&lt;span&gt;&amp;rsquo;&lt;/span&gt;s moderate climate proved suitable for the vine, and in viticulture the Minoans surpassed all their contemporaries. (They also developed indoor plumbing&amp;mdash;clearly a civilization ahead of the times.) The&amp;nbsp;practice&amp;nbsp;was passed to their successors, the Mycenaeans, to other islands in the Aegean, and to the mainland of Greece. The Greeks spread cultivation of the vine throughout much of Europe. The first vineyards in France were in Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles, and Southern Italy&amp;rsquo;s modern varieties Greco and Aglianico may be Greek in origin. The Greeks took viticulture northward as well, to the banks of the Danube and the coastline of the Black Sea. Ultimately, the Greeks were responsible for not only spreading the vine geographically but also democratizing&amp;nbsp;the consumption of wine. In ancient Egypt, wine was regarded as the sweat of the sun god Ra; the Greeks drank wine&amp;nbsp;at religious and&amp;nbsp;ceremonial&amp;nbsp;events, but they also drank socially. As wine consumption in Greece&amp;nbsp;spread to new social classes, additional vineyards were needed. The Romans carried the Greeks&amp;rsquo; vines even farther, but the&amp;nbsp;tradition of many modern-day European wine regions extends back to ancient Greece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;While preeminent in the ancient world, Greek wines languished until a late 20th-century surge in interest and quality.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Greece&amp;rsquo;s vinous reputation had long been rooted in r&lt;/span&gt;etsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin, and, for many, the wine is still the only reference point for the country&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt; 
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</description></item><item><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe/revision/111</link><pubDate>Fri, 29 Jul 2022 17:44:53 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:be262527-6dee-4f4a-815a-8be20e64bdb7</guid><dc:creator>user28307</dc:creator><comments>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe#comments</comments><description>Revision 111 posted to Study-Guide by user28307 on 7/29/2022 5:44:53 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="paywall-restricted"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="top"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class="style_box"&gt;
Contents
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hungary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Romania&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slovenia and Croatia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Czech Republic and Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Former Soviet Republics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review Quizzes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="01"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Greece
&lt;p class="callout"&gt;In its infancy, wine was produced in regions where the vine grew wild. From its origins in the Near East, cultivation of the grapevine spread to the Old Kingdom of Egypt, and, around 2500 BCE, the vine was brought, via trade, to&amp;nbsp;the Minoan Bronze Age civilization of Crete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="aside-right-40"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/TC/cfs-file.ashx/__key/CommunityServer-Wikis-Components-Files/00-00-00-00-47/3005.studyguide_5F00_10_5F00_greece_5F00_01_5F00_map.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Despite Crete&amp;rsquo;s latitude, the island&lt;span&gt;&amp;rsquo;&lt;/span&gt;s moderate climate proved suitable for the vine, and in viticulture the Minoans surpassed all their contemporaries. (They also developed indoor plumbing&amp;mdash;clearly a civilization ahead of the times.) The&amp;nbsp;practice&amp;nbsp;was passed to their successors, the Mycenaeans, to other islands in the Aegean, and to the mainland of Greece. The Greeks spread cultivation of the vine throughout much of Europe. The first vineyards in France were in Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles, and Southern Italy&amp;rsquo;s modern varieties Greco and Aglianico may be Greek in origin. The Greeks took viticulture northward as well, to the banks of the Danube and the coastline of the Black Sea. Ultimately, the Greeks were responsible for not only spreading the vine geographically but also democratizing&amp;nbsp;the consumption of wine. In ancient Egypt, wine was regarded as the sweat of the sun god Ra; the Greeks drank wine&amp;nbsp;at religious and&amp;nbsp;ceremonial&amp;nbsp;events, but they also drank socially. As wine consumption in Greece&amp;nbsp;spread to new social classes, additional vineyards were needed. The Romans carried the Greeks&amp;rsquo; vines even farther, but the&amp;nbsp;tradition of many modern-day European wine regions extends back to ancient Greece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;While preeminent in the ancient world, Greek wines languished until a late 20th-century surge in interest and quality.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Greece&amp;rsquo;s vinous reputation had long been rooted in r&lt;/span&gt;etsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin, and, for many, the wine is still the only reference point for the country&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt; 
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</description></item><item><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe/revision/110</link><pubDate>Tue, 26 Jul 2022 15:57:46 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:be262527-6dee-4f4a-815a-8be20e64bdb7</guid><dc:creator>user28307</dc:creator><comments>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe#comments</comments><description>Revision 110 posted to Study-Guide by user28307 on 7/26/2022 3:57:46 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="paywall-restricted"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="top"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class="style_box"&gt;
Contents
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hungary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Romania&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slovenia and Croatia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Czech Republic and Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Former Soviet Republics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review Quizzes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="01"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Greece
&lt;p class="callout"&gt;In its infancy, wine was produced in regions where the vine grew wild. From its origins in the Near East, cultivation of the grapevine spread to the Old Kingdom of Egypt, and, around 2500 BCE, the vine was brought, via trade, to&amp;nbsp;the Minoan Bronze Age civilization of Crete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="aside-right-40"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/TC/cfs-file.ashx/__key/CommunityServer-Wikis-Components-Files/00-00-00-00-47/3005.studyguide_5F00_10_5F00_greece_5F00_01_5F00_map.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Despite Crete&amp;rsquo;s latitude, the island&lt;span&gt;&amp;rsquo;&lt;/span&gt;s moderate climate proved suitable for the vine, and in viticulture the Minoans surpassed all their contemporaries. (They also developed indoor plumbing&amp;mdash;clearly a civilization ahead of the times.) The&amp;nbsp;practice&amp;nbsp;was passed to their successors, the Mycenaeans, to other islands in the Aegean, and to the mainland of Greece. The Greeks spread cultivation of the vine throughout much of Europe. The first vineyards in France were in Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles, and Southern Italy&amp;rsquo;s modern varieties Greco and Aglianico may be Greek in origin. The Greeks took viticulture northward as well, to the banks of the Danube and the coastline of the Black Sea. Ultimately, the Greeks were responsible for not only spreading the vine geographically but also democratizing&amp;nbsp;the consumption of wine. In ancient Egypt, wine was regarded as the sweat of the sun god Ra; the Greeks drank wine&amp;nbsp;at religious and&amp;nbsp;ceremonial&amp;nbsp;events, but they also drank socially. As wine consumption in Greece&amp;nbsp;spread to new social classes, additional vineyards were needed. The Romans carried the Greeks&amp;rsquo; vines even farther, but the&amp;nbsp;tradition of many modern-day European wine regions extends back to ancient Greece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;While preeminent in the ancient world, Greek wines languished until a late 20th-century surge in interest and quality.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Greece&amp;rsquo;s vinous reputation had long been rooted in r&lt;/span&gt;etsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin, and, for many, the wine is still the only reference point for the country&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt; 
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</description></item><item><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe/revision/109</link><pubDate>Mon, 25 Jul 2022 02:09:54 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:be262527-6dee-4f4a-815a-8be20e64bdb7</guid><dc:creator>user28307</dc:creator><comments>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe#comments</comments><description>Revision 109 posted to Study-Guide by user28307 on 7/25/2022 2:09:54 AM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="paywall-restricted"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="top"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class="style_box"&gt;
Contents
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hungary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Romania&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slovenia and Croatia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Czech Republic and Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Former Soviet Republics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review Quizzes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="01"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Greece
&lt;p class="callout"&gt;In its infancy, wine was produced in regions where the vine grew wild. From its origins in the Near East, cultivation of the grapevine spread to the Old Kingdom of Egypt, and, around 2500 BCE, the vine was brought, via trade, to&amp;nbsp;the Minoan Bronze Age civilization of Crete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="aside-right-40"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/TC/cfs-file.ashx/__key/CommunityServer-Wikis-Components-Files/00-00-00-00-47/3005.studyguide_5F00_10_5F00_greece_5F00_01_5F00_map.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Despite Crete&amp;rsquo;s latitude, the island&lt;span&gt;&amp;rsquo;&lt;/span&gt;s moderate climate proved suitable for the vine, and in viticulture the Minoans surpassed all their contemporaries. (They also developed indoor plumbing&amp;mdash;clearly a civilization ahead of the times.) The&amp;nbsp;practice&amp;nbsp;was passed to their successors, the Mycenaeans, to other islands in the Aegean, and to the mainland of Greece. The Greeks spread cultivation of the vine throughout much of Europe. The first vineyards in France were in Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles, and Southern Italy&amp;rsquo;s modern varieties Greco and Aglianico may be Greek in origin. The Greeks took viticulture northward as well, to the banks of the Danube and the coastline of the Black Sea. Ultimately, the Greeks were responsible for not only spreading the vine geographically but also democratizing&amp;nbsp;the consumption of wine. In ancient Egypt, wine was regarded as the sweat of the sun god Ra; the Greeks drank wine&amp;nbsp;at religious and&amp;nbsp;ceremonial&amp;nbsp;events, but they also drank socially. As wine consumption in Greece&amp;nbsp;spread to new social classes, additional vineyards were needed. The Romans carried the Greeks&amp;rsquo; vines even farther, but the&amp;nbsp;tradition of many modern-day European wine regions extends back to ancient Greece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;While preeminent in the ancient world, Greek wines languished until a late 20th-century surge in interest and quality.&lt;span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Greece&amp;rsquo;s vinous reputation had long been rooted in &lt;/span&gt;Retsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin, and, for many, the wine is still the only reference point for the country&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt; 
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</description></item><item><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe/revision/108</link><pubDate>Mon, 25 Jul 2022 00:58:13 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:be262527-6dee-4f4a-815a-8be20e64bdb7</guid><dc:creator>user28307</dc:creator><comments>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe#comments</comments><description>Revision 108 posted to Study-Guide by user28307 on 7/25/2022 12:58:13 AM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="paywall-restricted"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="top"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class="style_box"&gt;
Contents
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hungary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Romania&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slovenia and Croatia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Czech Republic and Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Former Soviet Republics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review Quizzes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="01"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Greece
&lt;p class="callout"&gt;In its infancy, wine was produced in regions where the vine grew wild. From its origins in the Near East, cultivation of the grapevine spread to the Old Kingdom of Egypt, and, around 2500 BCE, the vine was brought, via trade, to&amp;nbsp;the Minoan Bronze Age civilization of Crete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="aside-right-40"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/TC/cfs-file.ashx/__key/CommunityServer-Wikis-Components-Files/00-00-00-00-47/3005.studyguide_5F00_10_5F00_greece_5F00_01_5F00_map.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Despite Crete&amp;rsquo;s latitude, the island&lt;span&gt;&amp;rsquo;&lt;/span&gt;s moderate climate proved suitable for the vine, and in viticulture the Minoans surpassed all their contemporaries. (They also developed indoor plumbing&amp;mdash;clearly a civilization ahead of the times.) The&amp;nbsp;practice&amp;nbsp;was passed to their successors, the Mycenaeans, to other islands in the Aegean, and finally&amp;nbsp;to the mainland of Greece. The Greeks spread cultivation of the vine throughout much of Europe. The first vineyards in France were in Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles, and Southern Italy&amp;rsquo;s modern varieties Greco and Aglianico may be Greek in origin. The Greeks took viticulture northward as well, to the banks of the Danube and the coastline of the Black Sea. Ultimately, the Greeks were responsible for not only spreading the vine geographically but also democratizing its consumption. In ancient Egypt wine was regarded as the sweat of the sun god Ra; the Greeks drank wine&amp;nbsp;at religious and&amp;nbsp;ceremonial&amp;nbsp;events, but they also drank socially. As wine consumption in Greece&amp;nbsp;spread to new social classes, additional vineyards were needed. The Romans carried the Greeks&amp;rsquo; vines even farther, but the&amp;nbsp;tradition of many modern-day European wine regions extends back to ancient Greece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;While preeminent in the ancient world, Greek wines languished until a late 20th century surge in interest and quality. Retsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin, hung like an albatross and is still a layman’s only reference point for the country’s vinous products. Wine was transported through&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt; 
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</description></item><item><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe/revision/107</link><pubDate>Mon, 28 Mar 2022 22:15:04 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:be262527-6dee-4f4a-815a-8be20e64bdb7</guid><dc:creator>user28307</dc:creator><comments>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe#comments</comments><description>Revision 107 posted to Study-Guide by user28307 on 3/28/2022 10:15:04 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="paywall-restricted"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="top"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class="style_box"&gt;Table of Contents
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hungary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Romania&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slovenia and Croatia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Czech Republic and Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Former Soviet Republics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review Quizzes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="01"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Greece
&lt;p class="callout"&gt;In its infancy, wine was produced in regions where the vine grew wild. From its origins in the Near East cultivation of the grapevine spread to the Kingdom of Egypt, and, sometime around 2500 BCE, trade brought the vine to the Minoan Bronze Age civilization of Crete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="aside-right-40"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/TC/cfs-file.ashx/__key/CommunityServer-Wikis-Components-Files/00-00-00-00-47/3005.studyguide_5F00_10_5F00_greece_5F00_01_5F00_map.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Despite its latitude, Crete&amp;rsquo;s moderate climate proved suitable for the vine, and in viticulture the Minoans surpassed all of their contemporaries. (They also developed indoor plumbing&amp;mdash;clearly a civilization ahead of the times.) The art passed to their successors, the Mycenaeans, to other islands in the Aegean, and finally on the mainland of Greece. The Greeks spread cultivation of the vine throughout much of Europe. The first vineyards in France were in Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles, and Southern Italy&amp;rsquo;s modern varieties Greco and Aglianico may be Greek in origin. The Greeks took viticulture northward as well, to the banks of the Danube and the coastline of the Black Sea. Ultimately, the Greeks were not only responsible for spreading the vine geographically, but also for democratizing its consumption. In ancient Egypt wine was regarded as the sweat of the sun god Ra; the Greeks certainly drank wine in religious and ceremonious capacities, but they also drank socially. As wine consumption in Greece expanded to new social classes, so did the need for additional vineyards. The Romans carried the Greeks&amp;rsquo; vines even further, but the debt of many modern-day wine regions of Europe truly extends back to ancient Greece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;While preeminent in the ancient world, Greek wines languished until a late 20th century surge in interest and quality. Retsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin, hung like an albatross and is still a layman’s only reference point for the country’s vinous products.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt; 
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</description></item><item><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe/revision/106</link><pubDate>Tue, 22 Feb 2022 17:22:36 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:be262527-6dee-4f4a-815a-8be20e64bdb7</guid><dc:creator>user33359</dc:creator><comments>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe#comments</comments><description>Revision 106 posted to Study-Guide by user33359 on 2/22/2022 5:22:36 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="paywall-restricted"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="top"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class="style_box"&gt;Table of Contents
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hungary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Romania&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slovenia and Croatia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Czech Republic and Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Former Soviet Republics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review Quizzes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="01"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Greece
&lt;p class="callout"&gt;In its infancy, wine was produced in regions where the vine grew wild. From its origins in the Near East cultivation of the grapevine spread to the Kingdom of Egypt, and, sometime around 2500 BCE, trade brought the vine to the Minoan Bronze Age civilization of Crete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="aside-right-40"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/TC/cfs-file.ashx/__key/CommunityServer-Wikis-Components-Files/00-00-00-00-47/3005.studyguide_5F00_10_5F00_greece_5F00_01_5F00_map.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Despite its latitude, Crete&amp;rsquo;s moderate climate proved suitable for the vine, and in viticulture the Minoans surpassed all of their contemporaries. (They also developed indoor plumbing&amp;mdash;clearly a civilization ahead of the times.) The art passed to their successors, the Mycenaeans, to other islands in the Aegean, and finally on the mainland of Greece. The Greeks spread cultivation of the vine throughout much of Europe. The first vineyards in France were in Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles, and Southern Italy&amp;rsquo;s modern varieties Greco and Aglianico may be Greek in origin. The Greeks took viticulture northward as well, to the banks of the Danube and the coastline of the Black Sea. Ultimately, the Greeks were not only responsible for spreading the vine geographically, but also for democratizing its consumption. In ancient Egypt wine was regarded as the sweat of the sun god Ra; the Greeks certainly drank wine in religious and ceremonious capacities, but they also drank socially. As wine consumption in Greece expanded to new social classes, so did the need for additional vineyards. The Romans carried the Greeks&amp;rsquo; vines even further, but the debt of many modern-day wine regions of Europe truly extends back to ancient Greece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;While preeminent in the ancient world, Greek wines languished until a late 20th century surge in interest and quality. Retsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin, hung like an albatross and is still a layman’s only reference point for the country’s vinous products.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt; 
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</description></item><item><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe/revision/105</link><pubDate>Tue, 22 Feb 2022 16:56:37 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:be262527-6dee-4f4a-815a-8be20e64bdb7</guid><dc:creator>user33359</dc:creator><comments>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe#comments</comments><description>Revision 105 posted to Study-Guide by user33359 on 2/22/2022 4:56:37 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="paywall-restricted"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="top"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class="style_box"&gt;Table of Contents
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hungary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Romania&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slovenia and Croatia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Czech Republic and Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Former Soviet Republics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review Quizzes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="01"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Greece
&lt;p class="callout"&gt;In its infancy, wine was produced in regions where the vine grew wild. From its origins in the Near East cultivation of the grapevine spread to the Kingdom of Egypt, and, sometime around 2500 BCE, trade brought the vine to the Minoan Bronze Age civilization of Crete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="aside-right-40"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/TC/cfs-file.ashx/__key/CommunityServer-Wikis-Components-Files/00-00-00-00-47/3005.studyguide_5F00_10_5F00_greece_5F00_01_5F00_map.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Despite its latitude, Crete&amp;rsquo;s moderate climate proved suitable for the vine, and in viticulture the Minoans surpassed all of their contemporaries. (They also developed indoor plumbing&amp;mdash;clearly a civilization ahead of the times.) The art passed to their successors, the Mycenaeans, to other islands in the Aegean, and finally on the mainland of Greece. The Greeks spread cultivation of the vine throughout much of Europe. The first vineyards in France were in Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles, and Southern Italy&amp;rsquo;s modern varieties Greco and Aglianico may be Greek in origin. The Greeks took viticulture northward as well, to the banks of the Danube and the coastline of the Black Sea. Ultimately, the Greeks were not only responsible for spreading the vine geographically, but also for democratizing its consumption. In ancient Egypt wine was regarded as the sweat of the sun god Ra; the Greeks certainly drank wine in religious and ceremonious capacities, but they also drank socially. As wine consumption in Greece expanded to new social classes, so did the need for additional vineyards. The Romans carried the Greeks&amp;rsquo; vines even further, but the debt of many modern-day wine regions of Europe truly extends back to ancient Greece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;While preeminent in the ancient world, Greek wines languished until a late 20th century surge in interest and quality. Retsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin, hung like an albatross and is still a layman’s only reference point for the country’s vinous products.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt; 
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</description></item><item><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe/revision/104</link><pubDate>Tue, 22 Sep 2020 15:30:31 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:be262527-6dee-4f4a-815a-8be20e64bdb7</guid><dc:creator>user33359</dc:creator><comments>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe#comments</comments><description>Revision 104 posted to Study-Guide by user33359 on 9/22/2020 3:30:31 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="paywall-restricted"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="top"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class="style_box"&gt;Table of Contents
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hungary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Romania&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slovenia and Croatia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Czech Republic and Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Former Soviet Republics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review Quizzes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="01"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Greece
&lt;p class="callout"&gt;In its infancy, wine was produced in regions where the vine grew wild. From its origins in the Near East cultivation of the grapevine spread to the Kingdom of Egypt, and, sometime around 2500 BCE, trade brought the vine to the Minoan Bronze Age civilization of Crete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="aside-right-40"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/TC/cfs-file.ashx/__key/CommunityServer-Wikis-Components-Files/00-00-00-00-47/3005.studyguide_5F00_10_5F00_greece_5F00_01_5F00_map.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Despite its latitude, Crete&amp;rsquo;s moderate climate proved suitable for the vine, and in viticulture the Minoans surpassed all of their contemporaries. (They also developed indoor plumbing&amp;mdash;clearly a civilization ahead of the times.) The art passed to their successors, the Mycenaeans, to other islands in the Aegean, and finally on the mainland of Greece. The Greeks spread cultivation of the vine throughout much of Europe. The first vineyards in France were in Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles, and Southern Italy&amp;rsquo;s modern varieties Greco and Aglianico may be Greek in origin. The Greeks took viticulture northward as well, to the banks of the Danube and the coastline of the Black Sea. Ultimately, the Greeks were not only responsible for spreading the vine geographically, but also for democratizing its consumption. In ancient Egypt wine was regarded as the sweat of the sun god Ra; the Greeks certainly drank wine in religious and ceremonious capacities, but they also drank socially. As wine consumption in Greece expanded to new social classes, so did the need for additional vineyards. The Romans carried the Greeks&amp;rsquo; vines even further, but the debt of many modern-day wine regions of Europe truly extends back to ancient Greece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;While preeminent in the ancient world, Greek wines languished until a late 20th century surge in interest and quality. Retsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin, hung like an albatross and is still a layman’s only reference point for the country’s vinous products.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt; 
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</description></item><item><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe/revision/103</link><pubDate>Tue, 07 Jul 2020 16:45:10 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:be262527-6dee-4f4a-815a-8be20e64bdb7</guid><dc:creator>user22151</dc:creator><comments>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe#comments</comments><description>Revision 103 posted to Study-Guide by user22151 on 7/7/2020 4:45:10 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="paywall-restricted"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="top"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class="style_box"&gt;Table of Contents
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hungary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Romania&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slovenia and Croatia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Czech Republic and Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Former Soviet Republics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review Quizzes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="01"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Greece
&lt;p class="callout"&gt;In its infancy, wine was produced in regions where the vine grew wild. From its origins in the Near East cultivation of the grapevine spread to the Kingdom of Egypt, and, sometime around 2500 BCE, trade brought the vine to the Minoan Bronze Age civilization of Crete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="aside-right-40"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/TC/cfs-file.ashx/__key/CommunityServer-Wikis-Components-Files/00-00-00-00-47/3005.studyguide_5F00_10_5F00_greece_5F00_01_5F00_map.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Despite its latitude, Crete&amp;rsquo;s moderate climate proved suitable for the vine, and in viticulture the Minoans surpassed all of their contemporaries. (They also developed indoor plumbing&amp;mdash;clearly a civilization ahead of the times.) The art passed to their successors, the Mycenaeans, to other islands in the Aegean, and finally on the mainland of Greece. The Greeks spread cultivation of the vine throughout much of Europe. The first vineyards in France were in Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles, and Southern Italy&amp;rsquo;s modern varieties Greco and Aglianico may be Greek in origin. The Greeks took viticulture northward as well, to the banks of the Danube and the coastline of the Black Sea. Ultimately, the Greeks were not only responsible for spreading the vine geographically, but also for democratizing its consumption. In ancient Egypt wine was regarded as the sweat of the sun god Ra; the Greeks certainly drank wine in religious and ceremonious capacities, but they also drank socially. As wine consumption in Greece expanded to new social classes, so did the need for additional vineyards. The Romans carried the Greeks&amp;rsquo; vines even further, but the debt of many modern-day wine regions of Europe truly extends back to ancient Greece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;While preeminent in the ancient world, Greek wines languished until a late 20th century surge in interest and quality. Retsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin, hung like an albatross and is still a layman’s only reference point for the country’s vinous products.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt; 
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</description></item><item><title>Greece and Eastern Europe</title><link>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe/revision/102</link><pubDate>Tue, 07 Jul 2020 16:44:29 GMT</pubDate><guid isPermaLink="false">8277e151-5ba9-4335-93f0-6f497ffb8dc4:be262527-6dee-4f4a-815a-8be20e64bdb7</guid><dc:creator>user22151</dc:creator><comments>https://stage.guildsomm.com/learn/study/w/study-wiki/166/greece-and-eastern-europe#comments</comments><description>Revision 102 posted to Study-Guide by user22151 on 7/7/2020 4:44:29 PM&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class="paywall-restricted"&gt;&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="top"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;div class="style_box"&gt;Table of Contents
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Greece&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Hungary&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Bulgaria&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Romania&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Slovenia and Croatia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Czech Republic and Slovakia&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;The Russian Federation&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Former Soviet Republics&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;Review Quizzes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;&lt;a name="01"&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
Greece
&lt;p class="callout"&gt;In its infancy, wine was produced in regions where the vine grew wild. From its origins in the Near East cultivation of the grapevine spread to the Kingdom of Egypt, and, sometime around 2500 BCE, trade brought the vine to the Minoan Bronze Age civilization of Crete.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;div class="aside-right-40"&gt;&lt;img alt=" " border="0" src="/TC/cfs-file.ashx/__key/CommunityServer-Wikis-Components-Files/00-00-00-00-47/3005.studyguide_5F00_10_5F00_greece_5F00_01_5F00_map.gif" /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;Despite its latitude, Crete&amp;rsquo;s moderate climate proved suitable for the vine, and in viticulture the Minoans surpassed all of their contemporaries. (They also developed indoor plumbing&amp;mdash;clearly a civilization ahead of the times.) The art passed to their successors, the Mycenaeans, to other islands in the Aegean, and finally on the mainland of Greece. The Greeks spread cultivation of the vine throughout much of Europe. The first vineyards in France were in Massalia, a Greek colony at modern-day Marseilles, and Southern Italy&amp;rsquo;s modern varieties Greco and Aglianico may be Greek in origin. The Greeks took viticulture northward as well, to the banks of the Danube and the coastline of the Black Sea. Ultimately, the Greeks were not only responsible for spreading the vine geographically, but also for democratizing its consumption. In ancient Egypt wine was regarded as the sweat of the sun god Ra; the Greeks certainly drank wine in religious and ceremonious capacities, but they also drank socially. As wine consumption in Greece expanded to new social classes, so did the need for additional vineyards. The Romans carried the Greeks&amp;rsquo; vines even further, but the debt of many modern-day wine regions of Europe truly extends back to ancient Greece.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p style="text-align:justify;"&gt;While preeminent in the ancient world, Greek wines languished until a late 20th century surge in interest and quality. Retsina, an aromatized wine flavored with Aleppo pine resin, hung like an albatross and is still a layman’s only reference point for the country’s vinous products.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;script type="text/javascript"&gt; 
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